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Catharanthus Roseus Flower Extract as Natural Indicator in Acid Base Titration

CATHARANTHUS ROSEUS FLOWER EXTRACT AS NATURALstrong acid strong base (HCl and NaOH),
INDICATOR  IN  ACID  BASE  TITRATIONStrong acid weak base (HCl and NH4OH), weak
acid strong base (CH3COOH), weak acid weak
Authors: Kokil S.U.*1., Joshi D.G.2., Jadhavbase (CH3COOH and NH4OH) titrations. The
R.L.3results  of  screening were listed in Table1.
1, 2 Department of PharmaceuticalRESULTS  AND  DISCUSSIONS:
Chemistry,Tatyasaheb Kore College of
Pharmacy, Warananagar Tal-PanhalaFor all titrations the equivalence point
Dist-Kolhapur.  416113.obtained by the fruit extract coincident with
the equivalence point obtain by standard
3 Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry,indicator while in case of weak acid and weak
GES'S Satara College of pharmacy, Satara.base titration, the results obtained by the
415004.flower extract matched with the results
obtained by standard indicator. But it is
*  Address  for  correspondence:noted that the flower extract is beneficial
for weak acid and weak base titration because
Kokil  S.U.it involves use of mixed indicator, while the
fruit extract can be used alone in such
Department  of  Pharmaceutical  Chemistry,titrations.
Tatyasaheb Kore College of Pharmacy,ACKNOWLEDGEMENT:
Warananagar,
The authors would like to thank Principal
Tal-Panhala  Dist-Kolhapur.Tatyasaheb Kore College of Pharmacy,
Warananagar Tal- Panhala Dist- Kolhapur for
416113.providing  laboratory  facilities.
Ph-  9422600264.,  9423867464.REFERENCES:
E-mail-  ABSTRACT:1) Dobelis, Inge N. Magic and Medicine of
Plants.  Pleasantville,  NY;  1989.
Catharanthus roseus, family Apocynaceae is a
large deciduous plant. The present work2) Heywood VH, Flowering Plants of the World.
highlights the use of vinca flower extract asNew  York,  NY,  Oxford  University
acid base indicator in different types of
acid base titration. The equivalence pointsPress;  1993.
obtained by the fruit extract coincident with
the equivalence point obtain by standard3) Simpson, Beryl B, Molly CO. Economic
indicator. In case of weak acid and weak baseBotany:  Plants  in  Our  World.  New  York,
titration, the results obtained by the flower
extract matched with the results obtained byNY:  McGraw-Hill  Publishing  Co;  1986.
mixed indicator. This natural indicator is
found to be a very useful, economical, simple4)
and  accurate  for  said  titration.
5)
KEY WORDS: Catharanthus roseus, vinca, acid
base  titration,  natural  indicator.6) Wagner H, Bladt S. Plant Drug Analysis A
Thin Layer Chromatography. 2 nd ed.
INTRODUCTION:Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidenberh, munchen:
Atlas  ;1996.
Catharanthus roseus is known as Madagascar
periwinkle. This plant was formerly7) Untwal LS, Kondawar MS. Indian journal of
classified as the species Vinca rosea,pharmaceutical sciences.2006; 68(3):399- 401.
Lochnera rosea and Ammocallis rosea1. This
periwinkle is a perennial evergreen herb inTable1: Parameters used for experiment and
the dogbane family (Apocynaceae) that wasthe  results  of  screening.
originally native to the island of
Madagascar. It has been widely cultivated forSr.no  Titration
hundreds of years and can now be found
growing wild in most warm regions of the(Titrant v/s titrand) Strength in M Indicator
world, including the Southern U.S2-3. TheS.D.  (+/-)  pH  Color  change
plants grow one or two feet high have glossy,
dark green leaves (1-2 inches long) and1
flowers all summer long. Horticulturists have
developed varieties with colors ranging fromHCl  V/S  NaOH
white to hot pink to purple. The plant has
historically been used to treat a wide0.1 Methyl red 11.0+/- 0.15 5.15 Yellow to
assortment of diseases. It was used as a folkorange  red
remedy for diabetes in Europe for centuries.
In India, juice from the leaves was used toFlower extract 11.1+/-0.15 4.99
treat wasp stings. In Hawaii, the plant wasGreenish-yellow  to  colorless
boiled to make a poultice to stop bleeding.
In China, it was used as an astringent,0.5 Methyl red 10.2+/- 0.12 4.38 Yellow to
diuretic and coughs remedy. In Central andorange  red
South America, it was used as a homemade cold
remedy to ease lung congestion andFlower extract 10.3+/-0.17 4.94 Greenish
inflammation and sore throats. Throughout theyellow  to  colorless
Caribbean, an extract from the flowers was
used to make a solution to treat eye1 Methyl red 10.0+/-0.15 5.15 Yellow to
irritation and infections. The plant containsorange  red
a mother lode of useful alkaloids (70 in all
at last count). Some, such as catharanthine,Flower extract 10.1+/-0.16 4.99 Greenish
leurosine sulphate, lochnerine,yellow  to  colorless
tetrahydroalstonine, vindoline and
vindolinine lower blood sugar levels (thus5 Methyl red 9.9+/-0.12 5.15 Yellow to orange
easing the symptoms of diabetes). Othersred
lower blood pressure, others act as
hemostatics (arrest bleeding) and two others,Flower extract 9.9+/-0.16 4.99 Greenish
vincristine and vinblastine, have anticanceryellow  to  colorless
properties. Periwinkles also contain the
alkaloids reserpine and serpentine, which are2
powerful  tranquilizers.
HCl  V/S  NH4OH
In the 17thcentury chemist Robert Boyle,
described indicators extracted from roses and0.1 Phenolphthalein 4.2+/-0.11 8.47 Pink to
other plant materials in his book "Thecolorless
Experimental History of Colors" published in
16644. Boyle included the ability to turnFlower extract 4.2+/-0.10 6.54 Greenish
plant juices red among the properties ofyellow  to  colorless
acids. The possibilities listed were only a
few of many. Almost any highly colored fruit0.5 Phenolphthalein 4.7+/-0.16 8.31 Pink to
or vegetable or flower petal has thecolorless
potential for use as an acid base indicator.
Acid-base indicators are commonly employed toFlower extract 4.7+/-0.11 5.70 Greenish
mark the end of an acid-base titration or toyellow  to  colorless
measure the existing pH of a solution. These
are substances that reveal, through1 Phenolphthalein 4.5+/-0.18 5.15 Yellow to
characteristic color changes, the degree oforange  red
acidity or basicity of solutions. Indicators
are weak organic acids or bases that exist inFlower extract 4.6+/-0.09 4.99 Greenish
more than one structural form (tautomers) ofyellow  to  colorless
which at least one form is colored. Intense
color is desirable so that very little5 Phenolphthalein 4.5+/-0.12 5.15 Yellow to
indicator is needed; the indicator itselforange  red
will thus not affect the acidity of the
solution. Care must be used to compare colorsFlower extract 4.5+/-0.14 4.99 Greenish
only within the indicator range. Theyellow  to  colorless
indicator range is the pH interval of color
change of the indicator. Some are most common3
indicators used for beginning chemistry,
because its color change is very obviousCH3COOH  V/S  NaOH
which  makes  it  easy  to  use.
0.1 Methyl red 11.1+/-0.05 8.47 Pink to
A pH indicator is a halochromic chemicalcolorless
compound that is added in small amounts to a
solution so that the pH (acidity orFlower extract 11.1+/-0.12 6.54 Greenish
alkalinity) of the solution can be determinedyellow  to  colorless
easily. Hence a pH indicator is a chemical
detector for hydronium ions (H3O+) (or0.5 Methyl red 10.8+/-0.16 8.47 Pink to
Hydrogen ions (H+) in the Arrhenius model).colorless
Normally, the indicator causes the color of
the solution to change depending on theFlower extract 10.7+/-0.13 6.54 Greenish
pH5.In this study we observed the reaction ofyellow  to  colourless
flower extract in different pH conditions and
compared natural indicator to commercial1 Methyl red 10.2+/-0.12 5.15 Yellow to
indicators  with  measurement  of  pH.orange  red
MATERIALS  AND  METHODS:Flower extract 10.2+/-0.13 4.99 Greenish
yellow  to  colorless
Analytical grade reagents were procured from
Tatyasaheb Kore College of Pharmacy,5 Methyl red 9.8+/-0.13 5.15 Yellow to orange
Warananagar Tal-Panhalared
Dist-Kolhapur.Reagents and volumetric
solutions were prepared as per I.P. TheFlower extract 9.9+/-0.02 4.99 Greenish
flowers of vinca were collected andyellow  to  colorless
authenticated. The petals were separated from
whole flower and used for further study. Four4
gm of petals were macerated for 15 min with
20 ml methanol6. After pressing the mark,CH3COOH  V/S  NH4OH
filtrate was collected. By repeating same
procedure with same solvent the extract was0.1 Mixed indicator 4.5+/-0.05 5.15 Blue
concentrated. Finally extract was filteredgreen  to  orange
and  used  as  indicator.
Flower extract 4.5+/-0.05 4.99 Greenish
The experiment was carried by using the sameyellow  to  colorless
set of glassware for all type of titrations.
As the same aliquots were used for both0.5 Mixed indicator 4.4+/-0.16 5.15 Blue
titrations i.e. titration by using standardgreen  to  orange
indicators and flower extract, the reagent
were not calibrated. The equimolar titrationsFlower extract 4.4+/-0.15 4.99 Greenish
were performed using 10 ml of titrant withyellow  to  colorless
three drop of indicator. All the parameters
for experiment are given in Table1. A set of1 Mixed indicator 4.4+/-0.12 5.15 Blue green
five experiments was carried out and mean andto  orange
standard deviation was calculated from
results.Flower extract 4.4+/-0.18 4.99 Greenish
yellow  to  colorless
The flower extract was screened for its use
as an acid base indicator in acid base5 Mixed indicator 4.4+/-0.06 5.15 Blue green
titration7, and the results of this screeningto  orange
were compared with the result obtained by
standard indicators (methyl red,Flower extract 4.4+/-0.05 4.
phenolphthalein and mixed indicator) for



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