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Catharanthus Roseus Flower Extract as Natural Indicator in Acid Base Titration

CATHARANTHUS ROSEUS FLOWER EXTRACT ASpressing the mark, filtrate was
NATURAL INDICATOR IN ACID BASE TITRATIONcollected. By repeating same procedure
Authors: Kokil S.U.*1., Joshi D.G.2.,with same solvent the extract was
Jadhav R.L.3concentrated. Finally extract was
1, 2 Department of Pharmaceuticalfiltered and used as indicator.
Chemistry,Tatyasaheb Kore College ofThe experiment was carried by using the
Pharmacy, Warananagar Tal-Panhalasame set of glassware for all type of
Dist-Kolhapur. 416113.titrations. As the same aliquots were
3 Department of Pharmaceuticalused for both titrations i.e. titration
Chemistry, GES'S Satara College ofby using standard indicators and flower
pharmacy, Satara. 415004.extract, the reagent were not
* Address for correspondence:calibrated. The equimolar titrations
Kokil S.U.were performed using 10 ml of titrant
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry,with three drop of indicator. All the
Tatyasaheb Kore College of Pharmacy,parameters for experiment are given in
Warananagar,Table1. A set of five experiments was
Tal-Panhala Dist-Kolhapur.carried out and mean and standard
416113.deviation was calculated from results.
Ph- 9422600264., 9423867464.The flower extract was screened for its
E-mail- ABSTRACT:use as an acid base indicator in acid
Catharanthus roseus, family Apocynaceaebase titration7, and the results of this
is a large deciduous plant. The presentscreening were compared with the result
work highlights the use of vinca flowerobtained by standard indicators (methyl
extract as acid base indicator inred, phenolphthalein and mixed
different types of acid base titration.indicator) for strong acid strong base
The equivalence points obtained by the(HCl and NaOH), Strong acid weak base
fruit extract coincident with the(HCl and NH4OH), weak acid strong base
equivalence point obtain by standard(CH3COOH), weak acid weak base (CH3COOH
indicator. In case of weak acid and weakand NH4OH) titrations. The results of
base titration, the results obtained byscreening were listed in Table1.
the flower extract matched with theRESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS:
results obtained by mixed indicator.For all titrations the equivalence point
This natural indicator is found to be aobtained by the fruit extract coincident
very useful, economical, simple andwith the equivalence point obtain by
accurate for said titration.standard indicator while in case of weak
KEY WORDS: Catharanthus roseus, vinca,acid and weak base titration, the
acid base titration, natural indicator.results obtained by the flower extract
INTRODUCTION:matched with the results obtained by
Catharanthus roseus is known asstandard indicator. But it is noted that
Madagascar periwinkle. This plant wasthe flower extract is beneficial for
formerly classified as the species Vincaweak acid and weak base titration
rosea, Lochnera rosea and Ammocallisbecause it involves use of mixed
rosea1. This periwinkle is a perennialindicator, while the fruit extract can
evergreen herb in the dogbane familybe used alone in such titrations.
(Apocynaceae) that was originally nativeACKNOWLEDGEMENT:
to the island of Madagascar. It has beenThe authors would like to thank
widely cultivated for hundreds of yearsPrincipal Tatyasaheb Kore College of
and can now be found growing wild inPharmacy, Warananagar Tal- Panhala Dist-
most warm regions of the world,Kolhapur for providing laboratory
including the Southern U.S2-3. Thefacilities.
plants grow one or two feet high haveREFERENCES:
glossy, dark green leaves (1-2 inches1) Dobelis, Inge N. Magic and Medicine
long) and flowers all summer long.of Plants. Pleasantville, NY; 1989.
Horticulturists have developed varieties2) Heywood VH, Flowering Plants of the
with colors ranging from white to hotWorld. New York, NY, Oxford University
pink to purple. The plant hasPress; 1993.
historically been used to treat a wide3) Simpson, Beryl B, Molly CO. Economic
assortment of diseases. It was used as aBotany: Plants in Our World. New York,
folk remedy for diabetes in Europe forNY: McGraw-Hill Publishing Co; 1986.
centuries. In India, juice from the4)
leaves was used to treat wasp stings. In5)
Hawaii, the plant was boiled to make a6) Wagner H, Bladt S. Plant Drug
poultice to stop bleeding. In China, itAnalysis A Thin Layer Chromatography. 2
was used as an astringent, diuretic andnd ed. Springer-Verlag Berlin
coughs remedy. In Central and SouthHeidenberh, munchen: Atlas ;1996.
America, it was used as a homemade cold7) Untwal LS, Kondawar MS. Indian
remedy to ease lung congestion andjournal of pharmaceutical sciences.2006;
inflammation and sore throats.68(3):399- 401.
Throughout the Caribbean, an extractTable1: Parameters used for experiment
from the flowers was used to make aand the results of screening.
solution to treat eye irritation andSr.no Titration
infections. The plant contains a mother(Titrant v/s titrand) Strength in M
lode of useful alkaloids (70 in all atIndicator S.D. (+/-) pH Color change
last count). Some, such as1
catharanthine, leurosine sulphate,HCl V/S NaOH
lochnerine, tetrahydroalstonine,0.1 Methyl red 11.0+/- 0.15 5.15 Yellow
vindoline and vindolinine lower bloodto orange red
sugar levels (thus easing the symptomsFlower extract 11.1+/-0.15 4.99
of diabetes). Others lower bloodGreenish-yellow to colorless
pressure, others act as hemostatics0.5 Methyl red 10.2+/- 0.12 4.38 Yellow
(arrest bleeding) and two others,to orange red
vincristine and vinblastine, haveFlower extract 10.3+/-0.17 4.94 Greenish
anticancer properties. Periwinkles alsoyellow to colorless
contain the alkaloids reserpine and1 Methyl red 10.0+/-0.15 5.15 Yellow to
serpentine, which are powerfulorange red
tranquilizers.Flower extract 10.1+/-0.16 4.99 Greenish
In the 17thcentury chemist Robert Boyle,yellow to colorless
described indicators extracted from5 Methyl red 9.9+/-0.12 5.15 Yellow to
roses and other plant materials in hisorange red
book "The Experimental History ofFlower extract 9.9+/-0.16 4.99 Greenish
Colors" published in 16644. Boyleyellow to colorless
included the ability to turn plant2
juices red among the properties ofHCl V/S NH4OH
acids. The possibilities listed were0.1 Phenolphthalein 4.2+/-0.11 8.47 Pink
only a few of many. Almost any highlyto colorless
colored fruit or vegetable or flowerFlower extract 4.2+/-0.10 6.54 Greenish
petal has the potential for use as anyellow to colorless
acid base indicator. Acid-base0.5 Phenolphthalein 4.7+/-0.16 8.31
indicators are commonly employed to markPink to colorless
the end of an acid-base titration or toFlower extract 4.7+/-0.11 5.70 Greenish
measure the existing pH of a solution.yellow to colorless
These are substances that reveal,1 Phenolphthalein 4.5+/-0.18 5.15
through characteristic color changes,Yellow to orange red
the degree of acidity or basicity ofFlower extract 4.6+/-0.09 4.99 Greenish
solutions. Indicators are weak organicyellow to colorless
acids or bases that exist in more than5 Phenolphthalein 4.5+/-0.12 5.15
one structural form (tautomers) of whichYellow to orange red
at least one form is colored. IntenseFlower extract 4.5+/-0.14 4.99 Greenish
color is desirable so that very littleyellow to colorless
indicator is needed; the indicator3
itself will thus not affect the acidityCH3COOH V/S NaOH
of the solution. Care must be used to0.1 Methyl red 11.1+/-0.05 8.47 Pink to
compare colors only within the indicatorcolorless
range. The indicator range is the pHFlower extract 11.1+/-0.12 6.54 Greenish
interval of color change of theyellow to colorless
indicator. Some are most common0.5 Methyl red 10.8+/-0.16 8.47 Pink to
indicators used for beginning chemistry,colorless
because its color change is very obviousFlower extract 10.7+/-0.13 6.54 Greenish
which makes it easy to use.yellow to colourless
A pH indicator is a halochromic chemical1 Methyl red 10.2+/-0.12 5.15 Yellow to
compound that is added in small amountsorange red
to a solution so that the pH (acidity orFlower extract 10.2+/-0.13 4.99 Greenish
alkalinity) of the solution can beyellow to colorless
determined easily. Hence a pH indicator5 Methyl red 9.8+/-0.13 5.15 Yellow to
is a chemical detector for hydroniumorange red
ions (H3O+) (or Hydrogen ions (H+) inFlower extract 9.9+/-0.02 4.99 Greenish
the Arrhenius model). Normally, theyellow to colorless
indicator causes the color of the4
solution to change depending on theCH3COOH V/S NH4OH
pH5.In this study we observed the0.1 Mixed indicator 4.5+/-0.05 5.15 Blue
reaction of flower extract in differentgreen to orange
pH conditions and compared naturalFlower extract 4.5+/-0.05 4.99 Greenish
indicator to commercial indicators withyellow to colorless
measurement of pH.0.5 Mixed indicator 4.4+/-0.16 5.15
MATERIALS AND METHODS:Blue green to orange
Analytical grade reagents were procuredFlower extract 4.4+/-0.15 4.99 Greenish
from Tatyasaheb Kore College ofyellow to colorless
Pharmacy, Warananagar Tal-Panhala1 Mixed indicator 4.4+/-0.12 5.15 Blue
Dist-Kolhapur.Reagents and volumetricgreen to orange
solutions were prepared as per I.P. TheFlower extract 4.4+/-0.18 4.99 Greenish
flowers of vinca were collected andyellow to colorless
authenticated. The petals were separated5 Mixed indicator 4.4+/-0.06 5.15 Blue
from whole flower and used for furthergreen to orange
study. Four gm of petals were maceratedFlower extract 4.4+/-0.05 4.
for 15 min with 20 ml methanol6. After



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